T. S. Renuga Devi ¹, S. Gunasekaran ², J. Wesley Hudson ³, I. Sarone Angelah Joybell ³

Affiliations
1 PG Department of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, IN
2 Periyar University, Salem, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Women’s Christian College, IN

Abstract

This study attempts to evaluate the spectral difference between healthy and renal failure blood sera and also to find the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis in renal failure patients using FTIR spectroscopic technique. Six chronic renal failure patients were enrolled in the study. FTIR blood spectra were recorded over the region 4000 - 400 cm ^-1 on a Perkin Elmer spectrum one FTIR spectrometer. The internal standard ratios among the absorption peaks were calculated and it is found to be an indicator to differentiate the diseased subjects from the healthy one. In order to find the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis the absorption values of the specific bands of both pre and post treatment spectra were noted and the internal ratio parameter were calculated. The comparison of these values showed that the spectra are not similar when compared down to finer details.

Keywords

Blood, Renal Failure, Peritoneal Dialysis, FTIR Spectroscopy

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A. Rajalakshmi ¹, T. S. Renugadevi ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 D.A.V - BHEL School, BHEL Campus, Ranipet, Vellore Dt, Tamilnadu, IN
2 P. G Dept. of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, IN
3 Registrar, Periyar University, Salem, IN

Abstract

UV-Visible spectroscopic technique is employed to study the spectral differences between preand post-vaccinated blood samples of sheep with anthrax spore vaccine. The internal standards among the application peaks were calculated. There was a marked difference in the absorption levels of the pre and post vaccinated blood samples. The resultant variation is attributed to the production of antibodies in the animal. Spectral study can emerge as an alternate and cost effective test for screening vaccinated animal or animal product.

Keywords

Spectroscopy, Anthrax Spore Vaccine, Bacillus Anthracis, ELISA Test

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S. Djodilatchoumy ¹, N. Rama ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Computer Sci. & Applications; 3 Spectrophysics Res. Lab., Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, IN
2 Dept. of Computer Science, Presidency College, Chennai-600005, IN
3 Spectrophysics Res. Lab., Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, IN

Abstract

Anaemia is a common problem in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) leading to substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. The particular cells of the failing kidney are unable to secrete sufficient erythropoietin, the harmone that stimulates erythropoiesis. Treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESA) has led to increased quality of life and a reduced cardiovascular risk. Therefore anaemic blood has to be identified and proper treatment has to be given. Though investigations on characterisation of anaemic blood and therapeutic effect of erythropoietin in CKD have been done by many, not much work is done on automation of this investigations. The goal of this study is to train the System (Neural Network [NN]) to identify whether the given blood sample is anaemic blood or not and also to examine prospectively the effect of erythropoietin in anaemic patients using the System which is already trained to identify the anaemic blood.

Keywords

Anaemia, Erythropoietin, Chronic Kidney Disease, Neural Network

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S. Arul Antony ¹, M. Balakrishnan ², S. Gunasekaran ³, R. K. Natarajan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
2 Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
3 Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
4 Dept. of Science & Humanities, Dhanalakshmi College of Engg., Chennai -601 301, IN

Abstract

The increased prominence of the petroleum industry in Manali at North Chennai has given rise to a concomitant upsurge of ecological disturbances together with groundwater pollution. Ten representative groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the industrial region in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons during 2006-2007 and those water samples were analysed by standard analytic methods. As many as twenty water quality parameters were taken into account in the correlation analysis. Some parameters were found within and some parameters beyond the permissible limit. Correlation coefficients (r) between different pairs of parameters were computed. Significant positive correlation was found to exist between the pairs of parameters; turbidity-alkalinity, turbidity-iron, ECNa, TDS-EC, TDS-TH, EC-TH, TH-K and CODBOD. It is also observed that, some of the parameters were found to have weak correlation and some parameters have negative correlation.

Keywords

Manali, Petroleum Industry, Groundwater Quality, Correlation Coefficients

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M. Balakrishnan ¹, S. Arul Antony ², S. Gunasekaran ³, R. K. Natarajan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
3 Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
4 Dept. of Science & Humanities, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai-601 301, IN

Abstract

Dyeing and printing of textile being a traditional industry of Kancheepuram town, a good number of textile industries along with dyeing and printing clusters have come up in the area. The dyeing units in Kancheepuram municipality and the surrounding villages are under constant threat of ground water contamination with chemicals of dyes. The present study evaluates the groundwater quality in and around the Kancheepuram town of Tamil Nadu with reference to drinking and irrigation purposes. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the dyeing industrial region and the samples were analysed with standard analytic methods. The concentrations of total dissolved solids (1138 to 2574 mg/L), chloride (216 to 847 mg/L), total hardness (225 to 760 mg/L), sulphate (64 to 536 mg/L), nitrate (up to 58 mg/L), iron (up to 2.3 mg/L) and lead (up to 0.281 mg/L) were found to be higher and exceeded the permissible limits of BIS and WHO standards. The user specific water quality indices (USWQI) of each groundwater sample were evaluated for both purposes. The USWQI of the groundwater samples varied from 85 to 30 for drinking purpose and 89 to 50 for irrigation purpose. The results show that, the groundwater quality in the present study area can be categorized under 'good' for irrigation purpose and 'fair' for drinking purpose. Access to safe drinking water supply is one of the basic needs of society and hence a comprehensive plan of action is sought to curb groundwater contamination in the studied region.

Keywords

Dye, Groundwater, Water Quality, Drinking, Irrigation, Uswqi, Kancheepuram

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A. Rajalakshmi ¹, S. Gunasekaran ², T. S. Renuga Devi ³

Affiliations
1 Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa MahaVidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram-631 561, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Registrar, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamilnadu, IN
3 P.G.Department of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai-600 005, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This study provides scope for spectroscopic method that can be used as in-vitro test to assess the potent of vaccination instead of conventional in-vivo test. India tops in cattle wealth as well as in milk production in the world. Livestock are to be regularly vaccinated to protect them from many infectious and contagious diseases. We investigated the changes in protein and lipids levels in the pre and post vaccinated sera samples of bovine using FTIR spectral analysis. Two groups of seven animals were vaccinated with Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine (HSV) and Black Quarter Vaccine (BQV). Pre and post vaccinated sera samples of cattle were collected and tested using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer. Spectroscopic method of blood analysis is an alternate technique to the clinical method since they require fewer samples and provide more information. The variation observed in peaks indicating the change in protein and lipids levels in the animals was due to introduce of antigens. Compared to ELISA, spectral analysis is cost effective test besides it requires small amount of sample for analysis and conforms to bioethics. In vivo challenge test can be replaced once this procedure is standardized which can satisfy the CPCSEA-"Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animal"- which imposes stringent regulations to use animal for experiments.

Keywords

Cattle, Livestock, Vaccination, Spectroscopy, FTIR Spectrometer

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P. Venkatesan ¹, C. Dharuman ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Statistics, Tuberculosis Research Centre, ICMR, Chennai-600 031, IN
2 P. G. Department of Mathematics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030, IN
3 P. G. Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030

Abstract

In recent years, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has had an increasingly important role in the field of pathology and diagnosis of disease states. The principal component regression (PCR) and the partial least squares regression (PLS) are the often proposed methods and widely used in FTIR data analysis, when the number of explanatory variable is relatively large in comparison to the samples as the least squares estimator may fail in such situations. They provide biased estimators with the relatively smaller variation than the variance of the least squares estimators. In this paper, a FTIR diabetes dataset is used in order to examine the performance of the two biased regression models on prediction. The conclusion is that for prediction PCR and PLS provides similar results which require substantial verification for any claims as to the superiority of any of the two biased regression methods.

Keywords

Fourier Transform Infrared, Principal Component Regression, Partial least Square, Diabetes Data

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S. Premkumar ¹, G. Ramu ¹, S. Gunasekaran ¹, D. Baskar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Water management is a burning issue in Air Breathing Fuel Cells (ABFC). Flooding and dehydration are the two main degradation mechanisms that occur when water management is not adequate. In this paper, experimental studies on air breathing fuel cell with ducted and planar design on cathode side were studied, including experiments with three different ratios of cathode open area with each design, varying the channel dimensions in the ducted design and varying the current collecting and the open area in the planar design. In ducted design the mass transfer limitations and flooding can be reduced with wider channels, where as in planar design larger opening area reduce the mass transfer limitations however wide channels require a rigid gas diffusion backing with current collecting ducts. The effect of varying hydrogen flow rate, various cell orientations, various ambient temperatures of both ducted and planar designs were compared.

Keywords

Air Breathing Fuel Cells, Ducted Design, Planar Design, Water Management.

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